Tempo barroco: as Visitas Pastorais dos Comissários das Ordens Terceiras no século XVIII em Minas Gerais. (Baroque Time: pastoral visits of the comissioners of the third orders in Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the eighteenth century.). O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o aparato que marcava a entrada dos comissários das ordens terceiras em suas visitas às vilas, analisando também o modo como aconteciam essas visitas pastorais. As visitações dos comissários das Ordens Terceiras de Nossa Senhora do Carmo e de (...) São Francisco eram ocasiões que mobilizavam os irmãos destas congregações tanto no tocante aos assuntos espirituais quanto à esfera temporal. No aspecto material, as visitas demandavam grandes despesas com a realização de solenidades e hospedagem dos comissários. A visitação tinha por objetivo central assegurar a manutenção do sentido de ordem e de hierarquia que fundava as fraternidades de irmãos terceiros. Deste modo os padres visitadores deviam inspecionar e nortear a vida administrativa destas congregações e a vida particular dos terceiros seculares para verificar a sua conformação aos preceitos da moral e da fé cristã e às regras das ordens terceiras, instruir e disciplinar aqueles irmãos que houvessem cometido algum delito, coibir práticas e comportamentos desviantes. A pompa barroca das diversas cerimônias que aconteciam durante o tempo da visita concorria para suscitar o sentido de ordem e hierarquia entre os irmãos terceiros. Palavras-chave: Ordens Terceiras; Visita Pastoral; Festa; Catolicismo; Barroco.This article aims to examine the apparatus that marked the entrance of the Third Orders’ Commissioners on their visits to the villages, also analyzing how these pastoral visits took place. The Visitations of those Commissioners of the Third Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and San Francisco happened to be special occasions for the brothers of these congregations to be both materially and spiritually revived. In the material aspect, such visits demanded great costs to cover the ceremonies and the Commissioners expenses. The main purpose of the Visitation was to ensure the maintenance of a sense of order and hierarchy that originally was on the foundation of the fraternity. Thus, the Visitors should inspect and guide the administrative life of these congregations and also to help the Fathers to conform their lives to the precepts of morality and Christian faith and to the rules of the Third Order. Such visits also had the purpose to educate and to discipline those brothers who had committed some delict, and to curb practices and deviant behaviors. The pomp of the Baroque ceremonies that took place during the time of those mentioned visits finally aimed to raise the sense of order and hierarchy among all the members of Third Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and San Francisco. Key words : Third Order; Pastoral Visit; Party; Catholicism; Baroque. (shrink)

During the postpartum period, the paternal brain suffers extensive and complex neurobiological alterations, through the experience of father–infant interactions. Although the impact of such experience in the mother has been increasingly studied over the past years, less is known about the neurobiological correlates of fatherhood—that is, the alterations in the brain and other physiological systems associated with the experience of fatherhood. With the present study, we aimed to perform a scoping review of the available literature on the genetic, neuroendocrine, and (...) brain correlates of fatherhood and identify the main gaps in the current knowledge. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched for eligible studies on paternal neuroplasticity during the postpartum period, over the past 15 years. Reference lists of relevant key studies and reviews were also hand-searched. The research team independently screened the identified studies based on the established inclusion criteria. Extracted data were analyzed using tables and descriptive synthesis. Among the 29 studies that met our inclusion criteria, the vast majority pertained to neuroendocrine correlates of fatherhood, followed by brain activity or connectivity, association studies of candidate genes, and brain structure correlates. Collectively, studies published during the past 15 years suggest the existence of significant endocrine and neurofunctional alterations as a result of fatherhood, as well as preliminary evidence of genetic variability accounting for individual differences during the postpartum period in fathers. No studies were so far published evaluating epigenetic mechanisms associated with the paternal brain, something that was also the focus of the current review. We highlight the need for further research that examines neuroplasticity during the experience of fatherhood and that considers both the interplay between hormones and simultaneous assessment of the different biomarkers ; data collection protocols and assessment times should also be refined. (shrink)

_Aims:_ The aim of the present study was to examine how executive functions are assessed in children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy. _Method:_ A systematic literature review was conducted using four bibliographic databases (WebScience, Scopus, PubMed, and Psycinfo), and only studies that evaluated at least one executive function were selected. Both the research and reporting of results were based on Cochrane's recommendations and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. _Results:_ The instrument most frequently used was the (...) D-KEFS. All studies point to the existence of impairments in the executive functions among children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy with an impact on several cognitive and life domains. _Interpretation:_ There is a need to further systematize the research protocols to study the executive functions and their assessment in the intervention context. Findings of this review presented a diversity of tests (e.g., D-KEFS) or tasks (e.g., The inhibitory ability task) used with children with Cerebral Palsy. However, no information was given about adaptations performed to the test/task to meet Cerebral Palsy's specificities. Future research could consider including this information, which is key both to researchers and practitioners. The results of this study have important implications and suggestions for future avenues and guidelines for research and practice. (shrink)

Adriana Novoa and Alex Levine offer here a history and interpretation of the reception of Darwinism in Argentina, illuminating the ways culture shapes ...

Virginia Woolf famously wrote 'as a woman I have no country', suggesting that women had little stake in defending countries where they are considered second-class citizens, and should instead be forces for peace. Yet women have been perpetrators as well as victims of violence in nationalist conflicts. This unique book generates insights into the role of gender in nationalist violence by examining feature films from a range of conflict zones. In The Battle of Algiers, female bombers destroy civilians while men (...) dress in women's clothes to prevent the French army from capturing and torturing them. Prisoner of the Mountains shows a Chechen girl falling in love with her Russian captive as his mother tries to rescue him. Providing historical and political context to these and other films, Matthew Evangelista identifies the key role that economic decline plays in threatening masculine identity and provoking the misogynistic violence that often accompanies nationalist wars. (shrink)

In this article, Adriana Cavarero and Nidesh Lawtoo resume a dialogue on mimetic inclinations in view of furthering a relational, embodied and affective conception of subjectivity that challenges homo erectus from the immanent perspective of homo mimeticus. If a dominant philosophical tradition tends to restrict mimesis to an illusory representation of reality, Plato was the first to know that mimesis also operates as an affective force, or pathos, that dispossesses the subject. While Plato tended to emphasize the pathological implications (...) of mimesis, Cavarero and Lawtoo agree that both mimesis and inclinations go beyond good and evil and can be put to both pathological and democratic use. Picking up a dialogue started during a walk in New York City, Cavarero and Lawtoo, take their shared interests in Joseph Conrad's relating narratives as an occasion to discuss good and bad mimetic inclinations in contemporary politics and ethics. Joined in conclusion by the Gendered Mimesis team (Willow Verkerk, Isabelle Dahms and Giulia Rignano), topics addressed include new fascism, surging democracy, ethical responsibility for vulnerable others, hypermaternity and public happiness in a precarious world. (shrink)

In this article, we interpret sex education from the perspective of feminist care ethics, emphasizing the concept of caring democracy, advanced by Joan Tronto one of the most influential feminist political theorists. According to Tronto, these theories show that a deficit of care and a lack of democracy are mutually conducive. We argue that, as in other areas of life, a lack of care in sexuality and sex education leads to social inequalities that eventually translate into an unequal approach to (...) freedom, equality, and justice, and to a deficit of democracy in the lives of some people. At the same time, we believe that, as a moral theory, care ethics, with its emphasis on the needs of men and women, can be adequately applied to the design of research projects, as well as to sexuality policies and practices. This may contribute to overcoming the stalemate in the debate on sex education and other topics in Slovakia. (shrink)

Cet article ne cherche pas tant à réhabiliter la sculpture décorative (la talha, en portugais), habituellement considérée comme un art mineur, qu’à apporter les différents témoignages de sa domination dans un lieu particulier, le Minho (le nord-ouest portugais), au moment notamment de l’adoption du rococo, domination a priori impensable dans le contexte occidental autrement qu’en termes de périphérie. Il s’agit ensuite de comprendre les nuances qu’une telle domination introduit corollairement dans les concepts artistiques (notamment dans celui de paternité) et, enfin, (...) d’examiner en quoi cette situation permet de remettre en question de l’intérieur quelques modèles théoriques passés et contemporains. (shrink)

En el presente estudio se analizará la especie de presencia desempeñada por el ente no visible en “La mígala”, cuento de Juan José Arreola en el que la voz narrativa es afectada por los sucesos y no-sucesos. Tomando como base las propuestas de Jacques Derrida y Paul Ricoeur, se estudió la razón ausencia-presencia en los acontecimientos del lenguaje expuestos en el relato. De ello surge la resolución de la huella y el cogito, nociones descubiertas en este trabajo cuyo valor reside (...) en la deconstrucción del estar-no-estar de la mígala. (shrink)

Relating Narratives is a major new work by the philosopher and feminist thinker Adriana Cavarero. First published in Italian to widespread acclaim, Relating Narratives is a fascinating and challenging new account of the relationship between selfhood and narration. Drawing a diverse array of thinkers from both the philosophical and the literary tradition, from Sophocles and Homer to Hannah Arendt, Karen Blixen, Walter Benjamin and Borges, Adriana Cadarero's theory of the `narratable self' shows how narrative models in philosophy and (...) literature can open new ways of thinking about formation of human identities. By showing how each human being has a unique story that can be told about them, Adriana Cavarero inaugurates an important shift in thinking about subjectivity and identity which relies not upon categorical or discursive norms, but rather seeks to account for `who' each one of us uniquely is. (shrink)

Through a number of various factors and circumstances, I have come to hold my own philosophical café in the city I currently live in: Timișoara, România. What I had planned to be a monthly occurrence, turned into a bi-monthly one at the request of the public. Thus, since the first edition we have had twenty-two such meetings, with a brief vacation during the summer months. What I have in mind with this article is to make an analysis of the development (...) of the process throughout this year of sessions, as well as to do an interrogation on the effects this method has had on those that took part in the meetings and thus, of its future within philosophical practice. This interrogation will be completed via a questionnaire that I have devised, that will be available to fill-in for all attendants that have participated in at least two philo-café sessions. (shrink)

Trata-se de uma entrevista concedida pelo Prof. Emérito da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Manfredo Oliveira, aos professores Evaldo Sampaio e Ivânio Azevedo Jr. (ambos do PPGFilos—UFC). Procura-se aqui entender a trajetória intelectual de Manfredo Oliveira e como esta se articula com momentos decisivos da consolidação dos estudos de Filosofia no Ceará - e no Brasil. A entrevista ocorreu em maio de 2023.

Toward a Feminist Ethics of Nonviolence brings together three major feminist thinkers to discuss Cavarero's call for a postural ethics of nonviolence. The book consists of three longer essays by Cavarero, Judith Butler, and Bonnie Honig, followed by shorter responses by a range of scholars that widen the dialogue, drawing on post-Marxism, Italian feminism, and queer theory. Together, the authors contest the boundaries of their common project for a pluralistic, heterogeneous, but urgently feminist ethics of nonviolence."--Back cover.

Em Situating the self: gender, community and postmodernism in contemporary ethics, publicado em 1992, Seyla Benhabib propôs a ideia de reversibilidade de perspectivas, como um exercício real ou imaginado, por meio do qual poderíamos fazer presente a perspectiva do outro. Na sequência, Iris Young fez críticas ao conceito, problematizando a sua possibilidade e mesmo a sua desejabilidade. Para Young o problema é a ideia de simetria que fundamenta especialmente a sua versão imaginada. Através da análise dos argumentos apresentados nos textos, (...) e da avaliação contextual de dois encontros com a questão negra nos Estados Unidos – o de Hannah Arendt e o da própria Benhabib – o artigo buscará questionar essa possibilidade, retomando as críticas de Young e as pretensões do conceito para a teoria democrática de Benhabib argumentando que há um impasse entre a necessidade do diálogo imaginado para a sua potencialidade para se pensar a política contemporânea e a sua impossibilidade e mesmo indesejabilidade. (shrink)

In this chapter we will try to show how the introduction of Darwinian evolutionary theory transformed metaphysics, and in particular, the philosophical understanding of the temporality of being. In the interests of brevity, we will focus on two particularly significant aspects of the impact of Darwinism on Latin America. We will consider, first, how the new evolutionary thought transformed past notions of temporality. Second, we will discuss the ways in which the ideas of regression and extinction, viewed as essential components (...) of the evolutionary process, problematized the nature of progress and civilization. We trace these developments in the work of three central figures of Latin American thought: José Martí, José Rodó, and Euclides da Cunha. All three of these men were extraordinarily versatile thinkers, and each has been the subject of voluminous secondary literature. But the first two, unlike some other influential figures—such as, famously, Domingo Sarmiento of Argentina—were hardly self-professed Darwinians. Still, we have chosen to discuss them because of this last fact, and not despite it. As for da Cunha, though he accepted the basic canons of the new evolutionary theory, he remained ambivalent about its application. All three struggled, each in his own way, to come to terms with the Darwinian legacy, and each found his thinking profoundly shaped by this struggle; they offer us three different, unique perspectives on the impact of Darwinism. The magnitude of the new evolutionism can only be understood if we consider the wide range of discussion it triggered in consequence of its profound philosophical impact. (shrink)

RésuméIntroductionLa motivation est. un thème crucial et répandu en médecine. Que. ce soit pour un scénario clinique ou chirurgical, l’acceptation de prendre une pilule ou de se rendre à une consultation est. essentielle au succès du traitement médical. La “décennie du cerveau” a fourni aux praticiens des données neuroscientifiques substantielles sur le comportement humain, a aidé à expliquer pourquoi les gens font ce qu’ils font et a créé le concept de “cerveau motivé”. Les résultats de la psychologie empirique ont stratifié (...) la motivation en étapes de changement, qui sont devenues plus complexes au fil des décennies. Cette recherche vise à améliorer la compréhension de la façon dont les gens prennent des décisions concernant leur santé et comment mieux comprendre les stratégies et les techniques pour les aider à résoudre les problèmes d’ambivalence de manière efficace et ciblée.MéthodesNous établissons un dialogue avec la phénoménologie de la volonté de Ricoeur afin de comprendre le sens de ces découvertes scientifiques. À partir de la phénoménologie husserlienne, Paul Ricoeur a développé sa pensée en s’éloignant de l’idéalisme transcendantal en émancipant les structures intentionnelles de la volonté du domaine de la perception. Résultats: En introduisant les concepts de volontaire et d’involontaire, Ricoeur s’est. écarté du dualisme cartésien, qui fait du corps un corps d’objet, cible de vicissitudes naturelles. Le nouveau dualisme entre volontaire et involontaire est. traité par référence à ce que Ricoeur a appelé le mystère central de l’existence incarnée, qui considère l’homme “double dans l’humanité, simple dans lavitalité”. Cette dualité permet de considérer le cerveau comme l’organe naturel du comportement dans le corps humain et d’utiliser la psychologie empirique comme moyen d’échapper aux subjectivations superficielles des concepts.ConclusionLa simplicité (ou unité) d’existence invite la médecine à repenser certaines de ses hypothèses philosophiques, de telle sorte que les patients puissent être considérés comme des sujets autonomes avec des projets de vie d’auteur. L’anthropologie ricourienne a un impact éthique profond sur la manière dont la médecine devrait utiliser la technologie, ce qui découle de résultats de psychologie empirique. L’utilisation de ces nouvelles connaissances doit également faire l’objet d’une inspection minutieuse, car elle modifie le rôle social de la science médicale. (shrink)

As a form of functional diversity, spinal cord injury expressed by tetraplegia is one of the most serious events that can impact people, affecting their family and socioeconomic life. The type of care relationship established in these cases will be essential for preserving autonomy. The objective of this study was to understand how care relationships influence the autonomy of people with tetraplegia and the dynamics that trigger practices of autonomy violation, maintenance and promotion. This research is inspired by problematization as (...) a methodology using the Arch of Maguerez as an analytical approach strategy that enables an engagement between empirical and theoretical data. Some models of care relationships identified in this study either promote or violate autonomy: the protectionist model, based on the biomedical interpretation model of disability and the bodily impediments caused by spinal cord injury; the participatory model, involving the patient's interest in adapting to their new condition of family and community life, seeking to understand the practical aspects of daily life; the sharing model, in which the complicity and understanding of new forms of bodily expression allow the caregiver to be almost an extension of the tetraplegic person's body; the delegate model, which occurs in relationships with professional caregivers; and the emancipatory model, which seeks to empower the patient, highlight potentialities, and encourage autonomy. The key components of these conceptual care models guided the elaboration of hypotheses for intervention with the objective of maintaining and promoting the autonomy of people with tetraplegia through supported care. (shrink)

This essay answers two questions that continue to drive debate in moral and legal philosophy; namely, ‘Is a risk of harm a wrong?’ and ‘Is a risk of harm a harm?’. The essay’s central claim is that to risk harm can be both to wrong and to harm. This stands in contrast to the respective positions of Heidi Hurd and Stephen Perry, whose views represent prominent extremes in this debate about risks. The essay shows that there is at least one (...) category of risks – intentional impositions of risk on unconsenting agents – which can be both wrongful and harmful. The wrongfulness of these risks can be established when, on the balance of reasons, one ought not to impose them. The harmfulness of these risks can be established when the risks are shown to set back legitimate interests. In those cases where risks constitute a denial of the moral status of agents, risks set back agents’ interest in dignity. In these ways, the essay shows that there are instances when a risk can constitute both a wrong and a harm. (shrink)

Words like "terrorism" and "war" no longer encompass the scope of contemporary violence. With this explosive book, Adriana Cavarero, one of the world's most provocative feminist theorists and political philosophers, effectively renders such terms obsolete. She introduces a new word—"horrorism"—to capture the experience of violence. Unlike terror, horrorism is a form of violation grounded in the offense of disfiguration and massacre. Numerous outbursts of violence fall within Cavarero's category of horrorism, especially when the phenomenology of violence is considered from (...) the perspective of the victim rather than that of the warrior. Cavarero locates horrorism in the philosophical, political, literary, and artistic representations of defenseless and vulnerable victims. She considers both terror and horror on the battlefields of the _Iliad_, in the decapitation of Medusa, and in the murder of Medea's children. In the modern arena, she forges a link between horror, extermination, and massacre, especially the Nazi death camps, and revisits the work of Primo Levi, Hannah Arendt's thesis on totalitarianism, and Arendt's debate with Georges Bataille on the estheticization of violence and cruelty. In applying the horroristic paradigm to the current phenomena of suicide bombers, torturers, and hypertechnological warfare, Cavarero integrates Susan Sontag's views on photography and the eroticization of horror, as well as ideas on violence and the state advanced by Thomas Hobbes and Carl Schmitt. Through her searing analysis, Caverero proves that violence against the helpless claims a specific vocabulary, one that has been known for millennia, and not just to the Western tradition. Where common language fails to form a picture of atrocity, horrorism paints a brilliant portrait of its vivid reality. (shrink)

This pathbreaking work pursues two interwoven themes. Firstly, it engages in a deconstruction of Ancient philosopher's texts--mainly from Plato, but also from Homer and Parmenides--in order to free four Greek female figures from the patriarchal discourse which for centuries had imprisoned them in a particular role. Secondly, it attempts to construct a symbolic female order, reinterpreting these figures from a new perspective. Building on the theory of sexual difference, Cavarero shows that death is the central category on which the whole (...) edifice of traditional philosophy is based. By contrast, the category of birth provides the thread with which new concepts of feminist criticism can be woven together to establish a fresh way of thinking. Cavarero develops a philosophical narrative which, by re-interpreting each of the four figures of ancient thought, uncovers several images of the female desire for self-representation. Plato himself had not forseen that one day female subjectivity would assert its autonomy, plundering and throwing into confusion the patriarchal text in order to tell another story. (shrink)

This essay addresses moral aspects of using carbon offsets for counteracting individuals’ luxury emissions. After introducing and outlining the main topics and terms related to carbon offsetting, this essay answers three objections that have been levied against carbon offsetting: objections from the indulgences analogy, objections from the directness of the duty not to harm, and separateness objections. The essay argues that advocates for offsetting have resources to defend against these criticisms by pointing to particularities of individual emissions’ harmfulness, as well (...) as the preemptive nature of offsetting. The essay then shows that in spite of these defenses there is reason to regard not emitting as a better option because of a host of problems that plague offsetting in its current forms. The essay concludes that offsetting enhances individuals’ options for discharging their duty not to harm, but that standards of justice and efficacy need to be adopted. (shrink)

These are the supplementary materials of the article "Exploration of Contentless Awareness During Sleep: An Online Survey".

The human voice does not deceive. The one who is speaking is inevitably revealed by the singular sound of her voice, no matter “what” she says. We take this fact for granted—for example, every time someone asks, over the telephone, “Who is speaking?” and receives as a reply the familiar utterance, “It’s me.” Starting from the given uniqueness of every voice, Cavarero rereads the history of philosophy through its peculiar evasion of this embodied uniqueness. She shows how this history—along with (...) the fields it comprehends, such as linguistics, musicology, political theory, and studies in orality—might be grasped as the “devocalization of Logos,” as the invariable privileging of semantike over phone, mind over body. Female figures—from the Sirens to the Muses, from Echo to opera singers—provide a crucial counterhistory, one in which the embodied voice triumphs over the immaterial semantic. Reconstructing this counterhistory, Cavarero proposes a “politics of the voice” wherein the ancient bond between Logos and politics is reconfigured, and wherein what matters is not the communicative content of a given discourse, but rather who is speaking. (shrink)

O presente ensaio se insere no âmbito da Filosofia Moderna (séculos XVII-XX), com ênfase numa problemática compartilhada pela Metafísica da mente e pela Filosofia da Física. De um ponto de vista histórico-conceitual, trata-se de retomar a contribuição de Henri Bergson para a compreensão do significado filosófico da Física moderna. Para tanto, projeta-se aqui (i) reconstituir, por uma abordagem histórico-conceptual, a mudança operada no conceito de matéria quando da ruptura entre a Filosofia Natural Clássica e a Filosofia Natural Moderna; (ii) indicar (...) como a prioridade ou o abandono do conceito de matéria ocasionou uma cisão interna na Filosofia Natural Moderna; (iii) mostrar que, segundo Bergson, o problema mente-corpo se origina da concepção cartesiana de matéria e dos desdobramentos desta em outras filosofias; (iv) examinar como Bergson assume criticamente uma concepção de matéria familiar as de J. Maxwell, J. Thomson e M. Faraday; (v) mostrar assim que a originalidade de Bergson consiste em estabelecer a distinção entre dois tipos de “extensão” (“_l’étendue_” e “_l’extension_”), que, se estiverem amparadas na experiência como se espera, suprimem as contradições dos dualismos e autorizam afirmar tanto a realidade da matéria quanto a do “espírito”. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to apply properties of the double dual endofunctor on the category of bounded distributive lattices and some extensions thereof to obtain completeness of certain non-classical propositional logics in a unified way. In particular, we obtain completeness theorems for Moisil calculus, n-valued Łukasiewicz calculus and Nelson calculus. Furthermore we show some conservativeness results by these methods.

How does one weave the threads connecting spirituality and pedagogy to a dialogue? First of all, we want to approach the Ignatian Spiritual Experience to recollect his vision of the world and faith, which is at the foundation of his Spiritual Theology and pedagogy. The Spiritual Exercises propose a determined course and spiritual journey to promote a particular path to do Spiritual Theology, which also illumines the Ignatian pedagogy. This permits us to speak of an «Ignatian Spiritual Theology» with its (...) own particular characteristics, which is our intention to explore in this work. (shrink)

According to an influential epistemological tradition, science explains phenomena on the basis of laws, but the last two decades have witnessed a neo-mechanistic movement that emphasizes the fundamental role of mechanism-based explanations in science, which have the virtue of opening the “black box” of correlations and of providing a genuine understanding of the phenomena. Mechanisms enrich the empirical content of a theory by introducing a new set of variables, helping us to make causal inferences that are not possible on the (...) basis of macro-level correlations. However, the appeal to mechanisms has also a methodological price. They are vulnerable to interference effects; they also face underdetermination problems, because the available evidence often allows different interpretations of the underlying structure of a correlation; they are strongly context-dependent and their individuation as causal patterns can be controversial; they present specific testability problems; finally, mechanism-based extrapolations can be misleading due to the local character of mechanisms. At any rate, the study of mechanisms is an indispensable part of the human sciences, and the problems that they raise can be controlled by quantitative and qualitative methods, and an epistemologically informed exercise of critical thinking. (shrink)